Fences by August Wilson Essay - 533 Words

In the play Fences, which was written by August Wilson, Bono, Gabe, and Alberta are all very important people in Troy’s life. Bono is Troy’s best friend, and through him the reader learns that Troy is a very strong character. Through Gabe, people can see some of the guilt Troy has inside. Alberta helped Troy escape from his problems, and have a few laughs every once in awhile. Each one of these characters tells the reader something different about Troy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout the years, Bono has always been there for Troy. They have been friends for about eighteen years. Bono never hesitated to tell Troy anything, especially his opinion on Alberta. â€Å"I know what Rose means to you, Troy I’m just trying to say I don’t†¦show more content†¦When Gabe said, â€Å"Got me two rooms. In the basement. Got my own door key too.† (p.25) Troy felt very guilty. He could have used that money for his own family. Also, almost weekly Troy had to pay $50 to get Gabe out of jail. Neighbors complained that he was disturbing the peace. Gabe added to Troy’s character tremendously. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alberta is another character that helps reveal some of the complexities of Troy. Alberta is the woman with whom Troy had an affair. She helped Troy escape from his everyday life problems. When asked about Alberta, Troy had replied, â€Å"She gives me a different understanding about myself. I can step out of this house and get away from the pressures and problems†¦be a different man.† (p.69) When he is with Alberta he feels that he does not have anything to worry about. This is shown when Troy says, â€Å"I ain’t got to wonder how I’m gonna pay the bills or get the roof fixed. I can just be a part of myself I ain’t never been.† (p.69) Alberta also helped Troy realize the value of responsibility. When Alberta passed away, Troy was the only one who originally had to take care of Raynell, until Rose said she would. Alberta was very important in this play. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout this play, many of Troy’s complexities are shown through other characters. Through Gabe, Bono,Show MoreRelatedFences : Fences By August Wilson1541 Words   |  7 PagesName: Alejandro Ahmed Date: 12/6/16 Unit: American Drama Title: Fences Author: August Wilson Year of Publication: 1986 Fences Study Guide Descriptive i. Overview: â€Å"Fences†, was a play written by August Wilson in 1986. The play communicates the story of the son of an unsuccessful sharecropper, Troy Maxson, who has lived most of his life independently due to his father’s abuse during his childhood. The play focuses on Troy’s interactions and conflicts with other characters, and the complicated relationshipsRead MoreFences by August Wilson791 Words   |  3 Pageshave built fences to keep enemies out and keep those they want to protect inside. In society today, people create metaphorical fences in order to fence in their feelings, while others create literal fences in order to keep the unwanted away. In the play Fences, the Maxon family lives in 1950’s America whose love for sports and one another are questioned at times when they need to be together the most. In the play Fences by August Wilson, two main characters Troy and Cory Maxon build a fence, literallyRead MoreFences, By August Wilson1104 Wor ds   |  5 PagesAfrican-Americans during the middle of the twentieth century were treated differently than those of the white population. Fences, a play by August Wilson, demonstrates the frustration of white dominance during a time when African-Americans were secluded from society. The Maxson family are the main characters of the play, showing the life they lived in their black tenement in Pittsburg in the 1950s. The setting demonstrates the drama of their struggle, frustration, rebellion, and the predicamentsRead MoreAugust Wilson Fences984 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause in order to get what you want you have to fight for it. Two literary works that reflect this quote are Fences, a play about the struggles of African American before and during the Civil Rights Era in the 1950s and 60s, by August Wilson and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† a short story that shows the difference between women and men during that time, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. ‘Fences’ shows th e revolution the characters face, their actions and what is the result of those choices. Whereas, ‘TheRead MoreThe Fences By August Wilson1813 Words   |  8 PagesIn the Fences, by August Wilson shows that life of African Americans in the U.S. in the 1950s with the story of Troy and his family. Wilson uses the symbol of the fence to show the desires of each character like Rose’s desire is to keep her family together, Troy’s desire is to keep death out and to be not bound forever, and Bono’s desire is to follow Troy, his best friend, as an example of the right way to live and to be with Rose and Troy who are basically his family. Rose and the other seen charactersRead MoreFences, By August Wilson807 Words   |  4 PagesFences â€Å"Some people build fences to keep people out...and other people build fences to keep people in† (61). In the play, Fences, by August Wilson who displays how fences symbolize different situations to represent different characters. The story takes place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the 1950’s, and in the play fences gives an outlook of providing an obstacle or barrier that is intended to keep something out or in. It shows through the protagonist character, named Troy Maxson and his wifeRead MoreFences by August Wilson883 Words   |  4 PagesFences, written by August Wilson, is a play about a man, named Troy, struggling to support his family during the late 1950’s. In this play, we see that Troy hurts the people closest to him. He has been uncaring towards his wife, Rose, his brother Gabriel and his son, Cory. This is because Troy had nothing to go on but the harsh example set by his father. In Fences, Troy has felt like he has been fenced in all of hi s life, which causes him to fence others in. Troy has felt fenced in all of his lifeRead MoreFences, By August Wilson895 Words   |  4 PagesFences written by August Wilson is an award winning drama that depicts an African-America family who lives in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania during the 1950’s. During this time, the Mason’s reveal the struggles working as a garbage man, providing for his family and excepting life as is. The end of segregation began, more opportunities for African American people were accessible. Troy, who’s the father the Cory and husband of Rose has shoes fill as a working African America man. He is the family breadwinnerRead MoreFences, August Wilson1835 Words   |  8 PagesAs illustrative of the kind of analysis I would bring to Fences, by August Wilson, if my bid to direct is successful, O prose to take direction for a part of Act 1, Scene 3 of the play. This will include possible blocking, camera work, music, and what the actor should be feeling and experiencing while acting the par t. I will examine how crucial it is that the actors portray their characters effectively, and I will offer commentary to assure just that. On the basis of these findings I will determineRead MoreSymbolism In Fences By August Wilson1460 Words   |  6 PagesKeep Love in or Lock it Out?: An Analysis of Symbolism in Fences Symbolism is defined as an artistic and poetic movement or style using symbolic images and indirect suggestion to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind. In Fences by August Wilson, symbolism is used heavily throughout the play in order to represent deeper meanings and add to the emotion of the storyline. In order for the play to have so much depth and emotion, symbolism is crucial to the work itself and the heavy topics

To Prepare a Report Free Essays

Restaurant Management System Database Project Report Submitted by: UROOSA RASHID Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Jinnah University for Women 5-C Nazimabad, Karachi 74600 1. Introduction 1. 1 Project Overview This paper outlines a project proposal from the Pakistan Food Restaurant to create a sustainable income stream. We will write a custom essay sample on To Prepare a Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now This project will help Pakistan Food Restaurant to earn part of the money to support and ensure its future. It is being undertaken by us because it covers various aspects of restaurant management system and makes it easy to access the information about the restaurant management system. . 2 Aims and Objectives:The Restaurant Management System project will meet the following objectives: 0 It records the information of customers. 1 It records the information and quantity of orders made by customers along with date. 2 It records the price of food. 3 It will keep records of employees of the restaurant 4 It will also keep record of raw materials, supplies and vendors. 1. 3 Project Scope:This project will keep record of all food items of the restaurant. It also records the information of customers along with all the orders made by them. The orders are recorded according to the date. Computerized receipt is given to the customer with the details of the order and bill. Whenever a customer comes first time then he/she must register him/her self at the counter. Next time the customer comes he/she will not need to register at the counter; there will be already an existing record of that customer. 1. 4 List of Tables and Description :Project consists of following tables: * Customers * Orders * Orderline * Items * Raw material * Supplies * Vendors * Bills * Employees * Chef * Accountant * WaiterDescription of tables: * Customers table consists of ustomer ID, name, Address, Last visit date of customer. It keeps the records of customers. * Orders table keep records of number of orders placed by customers along with OrderID, Order name, Order date, Order time. * Orderline table consists of quantity of orders. * Items table consists of list of food items along with their type, cost, ID. * Raw materials table consists of list of raw materials used to make food items along w ith Material ID, type, Expiry date and Stock date. * Supplies table consists of Quantity, Supply date, Supply time and cost of raw materials provided by vendors/suppliers. Vendors Table consists of VendorID, name, contact number, status of the vendors of the restaurant. * Bills table consists of Receipt no. , cash received, items purchased and total amount of the customers. * Employees table consist of the complete information of the employees of the restaurant. It consists of employee ID, name, address, postal code, contact number, salary, hire date of the employees. * Chef table consists of the speciality of the chefs of the restaurant. * Accountants table consists of the qualification of the accountants of the restaurant. * Waiter table consists of the job description of the waiters. 1. 5 Project Features: Main features of the project are: * Complete Inventory from sale of food items and drinks. * Details of purchases are also maintained. * Reports for all items in stock as well as items to be ordered. * Complete information of employees along with their contact number and ID. * Details of previous orders by a customer. * Computerized receipt generation process. 2. System Design 2. 1 Data Flow Diagram Context Diagram Amount paid Bills Customer Order sent back Placed order Receipt passed 0 Ordering system Received order Items Available Placing order 1. 0 Choosing from items menu Level 0 Items Customer Order report Availability of orders 2. 0 Processing order Bills details to customers Payment by customer Payment process 3. 0 Payment for the order Payment receipt and order Bills 3. ER-Diagram: 4. Snapshots: 5. SQL Portion: create database Restaurant use Restaurant 5. 1 Query for Table ‘customers’ : create table customers(name nchar(20) not null,customer_id int not null primary key,last_visit_date int not null,address varchar(10) null) insert into customers(customer_id,name,address,last_visit_date) values(1,’Ahmed Ali’,’6th Floor,Ambadeep Building,No. 4, K. G. Marg, New Delhi -110001†²,’4/29/2009†²) 5. 2 Query for Table ‘employees’ : create table employees(employee_id int not null primary key,name nchar(20) not null,hire_date datetime not null,postal_code int not null,employee_address nvarchar(30) null,contact_no int null,salary money not null,designation char(20) not null ) insert into employees(employee_id,name, salary,employee_address, hire_date,postal_code, contact_no) values(1,’Abdul Baseer’,’5,000. 00†²,’AJC Bose Road, Business Tower, 7th Floor,Block A;B,Kolkata-700017†²,’8/5/2008†²,’75200†²,’021-35835956†²) . 3 Query for Table ‘orders’ : create table orders(order_id int not null primary key,number_of_orders int not null,order_date datetime not null,order_time datetime not null,total_cost money not null,customer_id int not null,employee_id int not null,constraint cust_id foreign key(customer_id) references customers(customer_id), constraint emp_id foreign key(employee_id) references employees(employee_id)) insert into orders(order_id,number_of_orders,order_date,order_time,total_cost) values(1,’1†²,’7/20/2010†²,’6:05:00 PM’,’250†²) 5. 4 Query for Table ‘items’ : reate table items(item_id int not nul l primary key,item_type nchar(10) not null,item_name nchar(20) not null,cost money not null) insert into items(item_id,item_name,item_type,cost) values(1,’Chicken ; Corn soup’,’Soup’,’$110. 00†²) 5. 5 Query for Table ‘bills’ : create table bills(receipt_no int not null,items_purchased int not null,total_amount money not null,cash_received money not null,cash_returned money not null) insert intobills(receipt_no,items_purchased,total_amount, cash_received, cash_returned) values(1,’4†²,’$100. 0†²,’$100. 00†²,’$0. 00†²) 5. 6 Query for Table ‘vendors’ : create table vendors(vendor_id int not null primary key,name nchar(10) not null,vendor_status nchar(20) not null 5. 7 Query for Table ‘raw_material’ : create table raw_material(material_id int not null primary key,material_name char(25) not null,material_type char(20) not null,quantity int not null,cost money not null,expirydate datetime not null,stock_date datetime not null,item_id int not null, constraint it_id foreign key(item_id) references items(item_id)) nsert into raw_material(material_id,material_name,expiry_date,material_type, stock_date) values(1,’Ground beef’,’5/16/2013†²,’MEAT’,’7/31/2012†²) 5. 8 Query for Table ‘supplies’ : create table supplies(supply_date datetime not null,supply_time datetime not null,quantity nchar not null,cost money not null,material_id int not null,vendor_id int not null,constraint mt_id foreign key(material_id) references raw_material(material_id),constraint v_id foreign key(vendor_id) references vendors(vendor_id)) insert into supplies(supply_date,supply_time,quantity,cost) alues(‘4/1/2012†²,’11:00:00 AM’,’40’,’$10,000. 00†²) 5. 9 Query for Table ‘order_line’ : create table order_line(quantity int not null,order_id int not nul l,item_id int not null,constraint od_id foreign key(order_id) references orders(order_id),constraint itm_id foreign key(item_id) references items(item_id)) 6. Ms Access Portion: Queries : 6. 1 Receipt query: SELECT Bills. [Receipt number], Bills. [Items purchased], Bills. [Total Amount], Bills. [Cash Received], Bills. [Cash Returned], Bills. [Customer ID], Bills. [A_employee no] FROM Bills WHERE (((Bills. [Customer ID])=[â€Å"Enter Customer ID†])); 6. 2 Employees query: SELECT employees. [Employee ID], employees. Name, employees. Salary, employees. Address, employees. [Hire date], employees. [Postal code], employees. [contact number] FROM employees WHERE (((employees. Salary) Between [â€Å"starting salary†] And [â€Å"Ending Salary†])); 6. 3 Orders of customers query: SELECT customers. [Customer ID] AS [customers_Customer ID], customers. Name, customers. address, customers. [Last visit date], orders. [Order ID], orders. [number of orders], orders. order date], orders. [order time], orders. [Customer ID] AS [orders_Customer ID], orders. [Employee ID] FROM customers INNER JOIN orders ON customers. [Customer ID] = orders. [Customer ID] WHERE (((customers. Name)=[â€Å"Enter name:†])); 6. 4 Items query: SELECT Items. [Item ID], Items. Name, Items. Type, Items. Cost FROM Items WHERE (((Items. Type)=[â€Å"Enter type of item†])); 6. 5 Ord ers query: SELECT orders. [Order ID], orders. [number of orders], orders. [order date], orders. [order time], orders. [Customer ID], orders. [Employee ID] FROM orders WHERE (((orders. order date]) Between [â€Å"Starting date†] And [â€Å"Ending date†])); 6. 6 Invoice query: SELECT Supplies. Cost, Supplies. [Quantity(kg)], Supplies. [Supply date], Supplies. [Supply time], Supplies. [Vendor ID], Supplies. [Material ID], [Quantity(kg)]*[Cost] AS total FROM Supplies; 7. Data Dictionary: 7. 1 Table Employees: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| employee_id| int| * | | Not null| | name| nchar| | | Not null| 20| salary| money| | | Not null| | employee_address| nvarchar| | | Null| 30| hire date| datetime| | | Not null| | ostal_code| int| | | Not null| | contact_no| int| | | Null| | designation| nchar| | | Not null| 20| 7. 2 Table customers: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| customer_id| int| * | | Not null| | name| nch ar| | | Not null| 20| last_visit_date| int| | | Not null| | Address| varchar| | | Null| 10| 7. 3 Table orders: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| order_id| int| * | | Not null| | number_of_orders| int| | | Not null| | order_date| datetime| | | Not null| | order_time| datetime| | | Not null| | otal_cost| money| | | Not null| | customer_id| int| | * | Not null| | employee_id| int| | * | Not null| | 7. 4 Table bills: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| receipt_no| int| * | | Not null| | items_purchased| int| | | Not null| | total_amount| money| | | Not null| | cash_received| money| | | Not null| | cash_returned| money| | | Not null| | Customer_ID| int| | * | Not null| | A_employee no| int| | * | Not null| | 7. 5 Table Items: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| item_id| int| * | | Not null| | tem_type| nchar| | | Not null| 10| item_name| nchar| | | Not null| 20| cost| money| | | Not null| | 7. 6 Table r aw materials: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| material_id| Int| * | | Not null| | material_name| char| | | Not null| 25| material_type| char| | | Not null| 20| expirydate| datetime| | | Not null| | stock_date| datetime| | | Not null| | item_id| int| | * | Not null| | 7. 7 Table vendors: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| vendor_id| int| * | | Not null| | name| nchar| | | Not null| 10| endor_status| nchar| | | Not null| 20| contact_no| int| | | null| | 7. 8 Table supplies: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| supply_date| datetime| | | Not null| | supply_time| datetime| | | Not null| | quantity| nchar| | | Not null| 10| cost| money| | | Not null| | material_id| int| | * | Not null| | vendor_id| int| | * | Not null| | 7. 9 Table orderline: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| quantity| int| | | Not null| | order_id| int| | * | Not null| | item_id| int| | * | Not null| | How to cite To Prepare a Report, Essay examples

Project Management Report Of DBS Bank Singapore †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Project Management Report Of DBS Bank Singapore. Answer: Introduction: DBS Bank Singapore is a part of the DBS Group Ltd. and they are a leading group of financial services in Asia (Dbs.com., 2017). DBS has been following complete and effective governance for promoting the long term sustainable practices. They have been trying to support the charity activities and help those who are in need. Project Overview The project is developed for ensuring that the Singapore DBS Bank would be able to send its 10 employees to a charity organization for ensuring their association with the charity activities. The supporting of the charity activities by DBS Bank would be implied for ensuring that the bank gives profound support to those in need. Project Scope Statement Project objective Acording to Fang and Marle (2013), the projects have certain objectives that are set for ensuring that the operations of the project are aligned on the same platform. The project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization includes the following objectives, To develop the project of sending 10 employees of the Singapore based DBS Bank company to the charity organization To form the effective schedule plan along with risk management and communication planning Deliverables The deliverables for the project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization include the following points, Development of the signed project charter and initiation documents by Wednesday, 20th December, 2017 A Project Schedule Plan approved by Monday, 8th January, 2018 A Communication Plan approved by Thursday, 18th January, 2018 A Risk Plan applied by Thursday, 1st February, 2018 Registration of the names of the 10 employees selected by Monday, 19th February, 2018 Dropping of the 10 employees at the charity organization by Monday, 12th March, 2018 Milestones The Milestones of the project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization are given in the table below, WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish 1.5 Review and Sign off the documents 1 day Wed 12/20/17 Wed 12/20/17 2.1 Kick off meeting 1 day Thu 12/21/17 Thu 12/21/17 2.2.5 Plan is approved 1 day Mon 1/8/18 Mon 1/8/18 2.3.3 Implying accurate communication medium with appropriate stakeholders 3 days Mon 1/15/18 Wed 1/17/18 2.3.4 Approval of the communication Plan 1 day Thu 1/18/18 Thu 1/18/18 2.4.4 Risk Mitigation Strategies are implied 2 days Mon 1/29/18 Tue 1/30/18 2.4.5 Risk Control is applied 2 days Wed 1/31/18 Thu 2/1/18 3.1.2 A list of the active employees is made for charity event 2 days Mon 2/5/18 Tue 2/6/18 3.1.5 Registration of the names of the 10 employees selected 4 days Wed 2/14/18 Mon 2/19/18 3.2.3 Profiling the charity organization 4 days Mon 2/26/18 Thu 3/1/18 3.2.4 Dropping the 10 employees at the location 7 days Fri 3/2/18 Mon 3/12/18 4 Project is Closed 1 day Tue 3/13/18 Tue 3/13/18 Table 1: Project Milestones Technical Requirements The project requires transportation of the 10 employees to charity organization and it would require the proper documentation and transportation medium of the employees to the charity organization. Limits and exclusions The project is limited to the sending of the 10 employees to the charity organization and it is bounded by the budget of 50,000 dollars and time of 4 months. Review with customer The review with the customer can be done by the help of the feedbacks attained from them by the use of the surveys and post project review (Walker, 2015). The checklist would also help in evaluating the project in terms of the customer satisfaction and expectation. Project Priority Matrix The project priority matrix is developed for the implication of the time management and the integration of the number of platforms of the project (Fang Marle, (2013). The project priority matrix is helpful for the ranking of the basic project factors like cost, time, and scope in terms of their influence in the project. The priority matrix is formed for evaluating whether the factor would be treated as constrains, enhance, and accept for the project. Project Priority Matrix The project priority matrix for the project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization has been shown below, Time Scope Cost Justification Constrain ? The overall cost of the project is limited to its budget and hence the budget of the project would act as a constrain Enhance ? The scope of the project can be enhanced and it would result in improving the development of the effective development Accept ? The time taken for the project is bound to be accepted by the project team Table 2: Project Priority Matrix Explanation of the Project Priority Matrix The project priority matrix is developed for the analysis of the factors of time, scope, and cost for the project of the To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization. The priority matrix has shown that the time factor would have to be accepted by the project team members. The project schedule is estimated and the project team would have to abide by the schedule developed and the time taken for the development of the project. The scope of the project is formed for the integration of the project activities involvement. The project team members would have to enhance the scope of the project so that they can get maximum benefit from the project. The cost of the project is a constraint for the development of the effective project operations. The limited amount of the resources has resulted in causing the limitation of the project. Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown Structure is a modified chart diagram of the project activities list in a more classified and structured forms (Ruano?Mayoral et al., 2014). The integration of the sceptical form for the development of the structure for the project of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization can be formed for understanding the development of the profound development. Details of the work packages The project schedule of To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization is developed by using the waterfall methodology. The phases of the project are Initial Phase, Planning Phase, Execution Phase, and Closure Phase. However, the work packages of the project are project initial phase, schedule planning, communication planning, risk management plan, selection of the 10 employees, and sending them for charity organization. The work package of project initial phase consists of analysing the requirements of the project, initial documentation, development of the charter documents, submission of the documents, and review and sign off the documents activities. The work package of schedule planning consists of selection of plan methodology, outline of the plan is developed, reviewing the plan outline, plan is completely developed, and plan is approved activities. The work package of communication planning consists of analysis of the requirements of the communication, s election of the communication medium, implying accurate communication medium with appropriate stakeholders, and approval of the communication plan activities. The work package of risk management plan consists of risk analysis, risk prioritization, risk mitigation strategies are developed, risk mitigation strategies are implied, and risk control is applied activities. The work package of selection of the 10 employees consists of selection of the choosing option, a list of the active employees is made for charity event, employees are analysed in terms of their interest in charity, 10 employees are selected, and registration of the names of the 10 employees selected activities. The work package of sending them for charity organization consists of knowing the location of the charity organization, selecting the transportation medium, profiling the charity organization, and dropping the 10 employees at the location activities. Cost Estimation The cost estimation is developed for the approximation of the overall expenses that would be required for the project budget (Maleki, Ghaffari Masdari, 2014). The cost estimation can be done by the help of both top down and bottom up approaches. The top down approach used the cost estimation starting from the final deliverable or the project goal and it is divided into smaller chunks for calculation. The bottom up approach uses the resource cost estimation and adding them for forming the final deliverable for the project. Cost Estimation WBS Task Name Cost 0 To send 10 internal employees of a company for a charity organization $49,928.00 1 Project Initial Phase $8,000.00 2 Project Planning Phase $21,320.00 2.1 Kick off meeting $800.00 2.2 Schedule Planning $7,840.00 2.3 Communication Planning $5,880.00 2.4 Risk Management Plan $6,800.00 3 Project Execution Phase $19,808.00 3.1 Selection of the 10 employees $8,784.00 3.2 Sending them for charity organization $11,024.00 4 Project is Closed $800.00 Table 3: Top-down cost estimation Resource Name Work Cost Analyst 56 hrs $4,200.00 Documenter 80 hrs $6,000.00 Project Manager 40 hrs $4,000.00 Planner 88 hrs $7,040.00 Risk Analyst 80 hrs $6,800.00 HR Manager 144 hrs $13,968.00 Contractor 88 hrs $7,920.00 Table 4: Bottom-up cost estimation References Agarwal, V., Oxstrand, J. H., Le Blanc, K. L. (2014).Automated work packages architecture: An initial set of human factors and instrumentation and controls requirements(No. INL/EXT--14-33172). Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Aksenov, V. V., Walter, A. V., Gordeyev, A. A., Kosovets, A. V. (2015). Classification of geokhod units and systems based on product cost analysis and estimation for a prototype model production. InIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering(Vol. 91, No. 1, p. 012088). IOP Publishing. Dbs.com. (2017). About DBS Bank Asias Safest Bank - Singapores Bank of Choice | DBS Bank. Retrieved 18 November 2017, from https://www.dbs.com/about-us/default.page Fang, C., Marle, F. (2013). Dealing with project complexity by matrix-based propagation modelling for project risk analysis.Journal of Engineering Design,24(4), 239-256.Project management Kerzner, H. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. (2013). Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Maleki, I., Ghaffari, A., Masdari, M. (2014). A new approach for software cost estimation with hybrid genetic algorithm and ant colony optimization.International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies,5(1), 72. Ruano?Mayoral, M., Casado?Lumbreras, C., Garbarino?Alberti, H., Misra, S. (2014). Methodological framework for the allocation of work packages in global software development.Journal of Software: Evolution and Process,26(5), 476-487. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Singh, A. (2014). Resource constrained multi-project scheduling with priority rules analytic hierarchy process.Procedia engineering,69, 725-734. Thomas, K., Lawrie, S., Niedermuller, J. (2015).Pilot Project Technology Business Case: Mobile Work Packages(No. INL/EXT--15-35327). Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

The Lesson Essays (615 words) - The Lesson, Sylvia,

The Lesson The theme in The Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara appears to be a lesson on Social Class and having a choice which society you choose to live in. Miss. Moore who takes on this responsibility to educate the young ones has more then a lesson to teach, but a challenging group of city kids to come by. Sylvia and Sugar which seems to be the leader of the group of neighborhood kids gives Miss. Moore that challenge and not give her the satisfaction. Sylvias stubborn and stern attitude is sear towards Miss. Moore perhaps Sylvia got a bad impression of Miss. Moore from all that was said about her by the grown-ups. The narrator speaks as a second person and to me Sylvia is the narrator in the story. When the narrator speaks it is she would always say I and when Miss. Moore asked Sylvia she states Im mad, but I wont give her that satisfaction. The story takes place in what some people might call the projects, or the gutto but in this case its called the slums by Miss, Moore. Miss. Moore starts and finishes be telling them what things cost and what their parents make and how money aint divided right in this country which is already part of what the lesson Miss. Moore is trying to come across. I feel that Miss. Moore kept an eye on Sylvia the most then Sugar, Junebug, Flyboy, Rosie and Mercede because Miss. Moore wants to get the message through to Sylvia, plus Sylvia is the one who influences Sugar and the other kids. When they arrived on Fifth Avenue that was when Sylvia and Sugar realize that the society they are surrounded by is nothing like the one they live in. To me Sylvia might have been kind of intimidated by her surroundings on Fifth Avenue thats why she hesitated to go into F.A.O Schwarz. So me and Sugar turn the corner where the entrance is, but when we got there I kinda hung back that was the line that gave me the impression. Sylvia ,Sugar and the rest of the kids gets a taste of society on Fifth Avenue, but it was miss. Moore who gives them the chance to experience it for themselves. Society is often perceived as a rich and fashionable social class depending on how you want to put it, but to the characters in the story of The Lesson They are naive, they are experiencing something that is totally new and it would be understandable if they didnt get Miss. Moore whole point of bring them to Fifth Avenue. It was obvious that Sugar and Mercede didnt get the point they only know that white people are crazy because of the prices they pay for a toy and fur coats. They were given a choice to change it all and be able to afford things white folks buy and live in a society theyve seen on Fifth Avenue. Although, Sylvia never wanted to give Miss. Moore the satisfaction I think that she was the only one who actually got the point and was thinking of what her future holds for her, plus she knows what she wants From my perspective this symbolizes different social classes, and I would say the difference in opinion each character has in the society theyve encounter. I personally like the title of The Lesson it speaks for itself and I think that by the title it really attracts a readers attention because of curiosity as to what the lesson is about. English Essays

EMVC Essay Analysis done final

EMVC Essay Analysis done final EMVC Essay Analysis done final On the wall of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy, is the world widely renowned renaissance fresco by Leonardo Da-Vinci; The Last Supper (Tempura on gesso, pitch, and mastic 460x880cm). Da-Vinci was an artist, scientist, architect, author, engineer, inventor, and humanist, who perpetuated the confluence between Renaissance ideology and artistic commerce, living from 1452-1519.1 The Last Supper is a large fresco like piece on the side of a wall in a dining hall of the delle Grazie’s adjacent monastery, though not a true fresco, as it was painted on a dry wall, instead of wet plaster. This retrogressional technique gave Leonardo more time to concentrate on the depiction of the biblical scene, being meticulous as he was, but tempted the masterpiece with ebbing.2 As commissioned by Ludovico il Moro in 1495, the piece required three years of work and was to denote the religiously polyvalent scene of Christ's last supper with his disciples.3 Da-Vinci set demarcates for religious symbology in renaissance art. Choosing himself to paint the very moment in which Christ announces that among the disciples is the one who will betray him, Leonardo connoted messages never before used in art, creating for him, a shibboleth demographic of artistic religious ambivalence in the opinion of many, which is unmatched today. Or is this that moment, as he does not look as if he has completed his sentence? The apostles are as follows: Bartholomew,James, and Andrew;Judas,Peter, and John;Thomas,James, and Philip; and Matthew,Jude, and Simon.4 Those figures closest to him appear to be recoiling in dismay at what they have heard, or are about to hear, whereas those further at the ends of the table seem as if the words have not yet reached them. Furthermore it becomes evident that it is not a single idiosyncratic moment, but a conveyance of a sequence of moments flowing together and forming a confluent unit, as this is applicable to other paintings of his, where human bodies and objects at certain points in space and time confound to one capricious impetus, gasconading humanity and emotion. The aspect of time is clear, as Da-Vinci has incorporated his sfumato; blending the horizon of time and movement, bringing the viewer a more realistic, prolific and life like, scene.5 He may be giving the observer a glance at his own emotional inertia towards the scene, expressed through the twelve sentinel bodies. It is evident that Christ is at the focal point of the image as his arms are spread, encompassing him into a triangular shape, expressive of the Divine Trinity. Due to the asymmetrical symmetry you can see through the copious division of bodies in groups of three and presumably the figure of Judas Iscariot to the right of Christ. These groups are displaying their personal reactions through facial expressions and movement that culminates together into one unit which suggests the spread of Christ’s words, framed by the door, from the centre to the edges of the piece, rather than standard depictions of disciples following the standard simulacrum of static presence. Da-Vinci incorporates use of perspective lines by maintaining symmetry between the apostle clusters while the geometric shapes that take form in the painting harbour the creation of the painting's dialogue.6 Da-Vinci breaks this with a baroque culmination of varied presence, confidence, movement and positioning, throug h a pluralistic medium of capricious geometric scenery. Often theories of Mary Magdalene sitting to the left of Christ in the painting are expressed, perhaps inspired by the famous Da-Vinci Code book, though rationally there is a contradiction to repudiate it as she was not a disciple, just a close friend of Christ’s.7 Although then again, Judas may not have been present, thus making twelve an accurate number, while explaining the feminine looks of the figure present. Judas in most other versions adorns the opposing side of the table. In Leonardo's, he sits on the same side

The Best IB Biology Books Full Expert Reviews

The Best IB Biology Books Full Expert Reviews SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In IB Biology SL/HL, there are so many topics and so little time. Maximize your study time by using the best study materials and best IB Biology textbooks. In this article, I have collected a list of the most recent IB Biology Books and Textbooks (2013 or newer), as I don't recommend you studying with any older books, as they may be out of date. Who Is This Guide For? This guide is for IB Biology students who are serious about success in the classroom and on the IB Biology SL/HL papers.If you only plan on using the material for 5 hours of studying, the choice of book becomes less important. However, if you plan to use the book throughout the year for study help and for the IB Biology exam, you should choose your resource carefully. In this guide, I’ve divided the books into specific categories to help you make a knowledgeable choice. The Best IB Biology SL/HL Books We’re going to divide the best IB Biology books into a few categories: Best Textbook: A must have book as a part of your learning process, no matter your skill level or weaknesses. If you would like more information on otherIB Biology Textbooks, check out our other article. Best Study Resource for Fast Learning Throughout the School Year: The best study material for all students to learn material fast throughout the year and not just to study for the IB exam at the end of the year. Best Study Guide for Average Students:This book provides more in-depth explanations for those who need a little more assistance. Best Study Guide for High Achieving Students:This book has the material to push you over the top, without repeating the details that you have already mastered. Book to Avoid:This book lacks all of the material you need to succeed. Best Textbook IB Biology Course Book: 2014 Edition: Oxford IB Diploma Program Price on Amazon: $58.90 Description:This is the gold standard for IB Biology textbooks. The Oxford University Press is the only company to work directly with the IB to develop their materials, meaning they have a first look at the changing curricula and understand more deeply what the IB wants to test and how. They're also able to write the most realistic practice questions that resemble the real test.Of all books on the list, this is the most standard 'textbook' like book, containing: full instruction on the complete SL/HL syllabus practice questions for each topic instructions on the internal assessment and the extended essay This will be the foundation of your IB Biology prep, containing a thorough overview. Pros: developed directly with the IB high-quality content realistic practice problems organized logically, with practice integrated coherently Cons: like all textbooks, this book is better for thoroughness and less for customized prep. The best way for you to study for IB Biology may not be cover to cover, and this book does not give clear guidance on how best to customize its content for your needs does not contain study strategies or test strategies more expensive than other guides Best Study Resource for Fast Learning Throughout the School Year IB Biology (SL and HL) Examination Flashcard Study System: IB Test Practice Questions Review for the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (Cards) Price on Amazon: $59.01 Description: Flashcards are a great way to study for IB Biology because there are so many topics and details to memorize. These flashcards help break the large topics down into small parts so that you can easily commit the details to memory. While this company does not work directly with IB, they use the IB syllabus to ensure they cover all topics on the IB Biology SL and HL exams, making it a great resource. These flashcards are great to use throughout the year for all of your in-class IB Biology tests since you can just study the cards relating to the topic being tested. While there are no practice problems with these flashcards, they are still a great resource for review. Since essentially all of the IB Biology exam questions simply ask you to relay memorized information (such as asking you to describe Cell Theory), these flashcards provide you with all of the reviews you need to ace the test. Pros: developed using the IB Biology syllabus high-quality content review breaks down big topics into small manageable parts organized by topic, making it easy to help you memorize throughout the year, not just for the IB exam. Cons: doesn't give guidance on how best to study the flashcards to improve memory retention. We encourage you to use our 'waterfall method' flashcards only have enough space for light concepts - if you don't know a concept well, you'll have to supplement with a textbook to flesh out your understanding more expensive than other guides Best Study Guide for the Average Student IB Biology Study Guide: 2014 edition: Oxford IB Diploma Program Price on Amazon: $32.40 Description:Also published by The Oxford University Press and written by Andrew Allott, this study guide complementsthe IB Biology Course Book mentioned above. This study guide breaks the large concepts from the course book down into manageable sections, with diagrams and illustrations to cement understanding. Additionally, this study guide integrates more IB Biology exam preparation material than the course book to make sure you excel on the IB Biology exam. Pros: developed directly with the IB high-quality content review using diagrams and illustrations breaks down big topics into small manageable parts realistic practice problems and exam material organized logically, with practice integrated coherently very thorough for those who need a little extra help in addition to their textbook / class lectures. Cons: like the related course book, this book is better for thoroughness and less for customized prep. The best way for you to study for IB Biology may not be cover to cover, and this book does not give clear guidance on how best to customize its content for your needs. more expensive than other guides Best Study Guide for High Achieving Students Barron's IB Biology Price on Amazon: $16.68 Description:Barron's is usually a solid choice for top students, as they're very complete This Barron’s IB Biology review book was developed using the IB Biology syllabus material to ensure that students are fully prepared for the IB Biology exam. Unlike a textbook, this study guide focuses more on exam preparation/review than teaching. The book provides readers with an overview of the IB Biology tests/papers, including an explanation of scoring, command terms, and optional topics based on the brand new 2014 syllabus, study tips and strategies for maximizing scores, and 2 full-length paper 1, 2, and 3 practice exams with fully explained answers. Pros: detailed summary charts. high-quality practice exams with detailed answer explanations. relatively inexpensive compared to other resources. focused study tips and strategies for the IB Biology exam. Cons: The material is reviewed in less detail than in other guides. The focus is on providing you with the practice tests rather than re-teaching you the material from class. This guide is great for the high achieving student, who already understood the class lessons, but is just hoping to lightly review the concepts and take IB Biology practice tests. Book to Avoid Biology for the IB Diploma Coursebook Price on Amazon: $61.95 Description: This edition of the IB Biology Coursebook from Cambridge Press was developed using the newest IB Biology syllabus. It covers all of the core topics of the syllabus including some practice questions. However, it does not cover any of the options (Both IB Biology SL and HL have core topics your teacher must cover as well as 2 additional topics - known as the options - because your teacher gets to choose from 4 options - fora more in-depth explanation of the options, read our other article The Complete IB Biology Syllabus: SL and HL). The core topics are tested on Paper 1 and 2 of the IB Biology SL/HL Exam, and the options are tested on Paper 3. Pros: developed usingthe IB Biology syllabus focused review of IB Biology core topics including some practice questions. Cons: expensive compared to other materials. missing review of the options, which count for ⅓ of the IB Biology exam. This book is too expensive to spend money on when it is missing ⅓ of the material needed to succeed on the IB Biology exam. Other Free Resources Find other free IB Biology study resources in our other articleThe Best IB Biology Study Guide and Notes for SL/HLand Where to Find IB Biology Past Papers - Free and Official. What’s Next? Learn more about IB Biology inthe complete IB Biology syllabus: SL and HLandthe best IB Biology study guide and notes for SL/HL. Trying to figure out what extracurricular you should do? Learn more about participating in Science Olympiad, starting a club, doing volunteer work, andjoining Student Government. Studying for the SAT? Check out our complete guide to the SAT.Taking the SAT in the next month? Check out our guide to cramming. Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school.Also, figure out your target SAT score or target ACT score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Understanding management accounting and financial management Assignment - 1

Understanding management accounting and financial management - Assignment Example Understanding management accounting and financial management The cash budget presents the activity of the company over the first 12 months of its operations and assesses how much cash it can generate while working in the due course of business. As it is apparent from the above computation that in the first month the company has negative cash flow as it is the policy of the company to sale goods on credit and majority of the creditor settles claims after the month of the sales. After the first few months, the cash flow of the company has changed from negative to positive and thus it continues to grow for the next months till December. In order to further increase it cash flows, the company should curtail its variable cost of production and should ensure that creditors are approached in order to award the company with discounts. Another method for ensuring that the company has healthy cash flow is that the company should ask the creditors for increasing the settlement period. By doing so, the company would have ample amount of cash available and thus it can invest it in the working capital. Good working capital is essential for better functionality of the business and the company can assess the working capital requirement by looking at its cash budget. For example, since the cash flow is negative in the first two months, the company needs to manage its working capital prudently in these two months so that they can finance the rest of the operations of the year easily. A budget is a financial and a quantitative statement prepared prior to a defined

Politics of the Middle East - Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Politics of the Middle East - Final Exam - Essay Example There is the observance of the Five Pillars of Islam including Observation of the Holy month of Ramadhan, the giving of alms, prayer, five times a day, the belief in Allah, and Mohammad as his Messenger, and the pilgrimage to Mecca. Both the majority Sunni, and the minority Shia, are in agreements as to the above Islamic essentials, hence a unique way of life is espoused through clothing code, gender socialization, the adherence to the above Five pillars amongst others. Fundamentally so is the Kingdom’s guidance through the Hanbali School of jurisprudence (Fiqh) that being present in existent pre-modern texts provides principals that are rooted in the literal interpretation of both the Quran and Hadith, in addition to being predominantly Sunni. Nonetheless, judgment is often divergent from other previous ones, as Saudi law provides judges with the powers to apply personal interpretations of the Sharia Law (jurisprudence), as principally guided by the above two Books. Apart fro m the above is the presence of royal decrees, these being the other chief source of law and governance. These decrees, supplement existent Sharia Law in such realms as commercial, labor and corporate law. Of importance, though to a lesser degree are existent traditional tribal customs and laws rooted in the traditional aspect of the Saudi people. It is worthwhile to note that the Saudi population is deeply rooted in its divergent ancient-urban traditions that are organized along tribal and clan identities such as the nomadic Bedouin tribal communities (Niblock 56). The existent Sharia court system primarily constitutes the Kingdom’s basic judicial system and processes, with its judges and lawyers forming part of the Kingdom’s Ulema, the religious leadership. In existence also, are extra-Sharia government tribunals, primarily set up to handle royal decree-related disputes. Of fundamental importance, is the final judicial appeal directed towards the King, who through Sha ria Law provides the final procedural measures. However, there exists criticism of the Kingdom’s judicial (justice) system specifically pertaining to its slow, arcane nature, which espouses a lack of some safeguards requisite in this modern era. The judiciary’s top echelon, comprising of mainly the older generation of Ulema, is ultra-conservative posing a hindrance to the Kingdom’s modern interrelationships with the global society. Like a majority of its Arab League neighboring states, the Kingdom is endowed with both oil and gas mineral resources. In fact, it is the leading exporter of crude oil primarily located in the Eastern Province, with oil accounting for roughly 95% of the Kingdom’s exports, in addition to 70% of government revenue (Schlesinger 75). Thus, through these vast oil revenues, the Kingdom, just like a majority of its oil-exporting neighbors, has utilized the same towards rapid modernization, hence promoting a sort of welfare state. Thro ugh its privatization of a majority of its critical industries, such as telecommunications and power/ energy, the government continues to promote economic growth. Through increased oil prices, from 2008-2009, have triggered a second oil boom, akin to that of 1981, with current per capita income being calculated at $7,400; inflation being factored in. Being

Maggie Bibliography Essay Example for Free

Maggie Bibliography Essay Baum, Rosalie Murphy. Alcoholism and Family Abuse in Maggie and the Bluest Eye. Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 19. 3 (1986): 91-105. Begiebing, Robert J. Stephen Cranes Maggie: The Death of the Self. American Imago: A Psychoanalytic Journal for Culture, Science, and the Arts 34 (1977): 50-71. Bergon, Frank. Stephen Cranes Artistry. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975. Bowers, Fredson ed, and James B. introd Colvert. The University of Virginia Edition of the Works of Stephen Crane: Vol. I: Bowery Tales: Maggie, Georges Mother. Charlottesville : UP of Virginia, 1969. Bradbury, Malcolm. Romance and Reality in Maggie. Journal of American Studies 3 (1969): 111-21. Brennan, Joseph X. Ironic and Symbolic Structure in Cranes Maggie. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 16. 4 (1962): 303-15. Bruccoli, Matthew J. Maggies Last Night. Stephen Crane Newsletter 2. 1 (1967): 10. Cady, Edwin H. Stephen Crane: Maggie, a Girl of the Streets. Landmarks of American Writing. Ed. Hennig Cohen. New York: Basic Books, 1969. 172-81. Cady, Edwin H. Stephen Crane: Maggie, a Girl of the Streets. Landmarks of American Writing. Ed. Hennig Cohen: Basic Books, New York Pagination: 172-181, 1969. Church, Joseph. Excellent People: Naturalism, Egotism, and the Teaching of Cranes Maggie. ALN: The American Literary Naturalism Newsletter 1. 2 (2006): 10-15. Clerkin, Mary Jane. A Feminist Interpretation of Three Nineteenth Century Literary Heroines: Hardys Tess, Cranes Maggie and Ibsens Nora. Dissertation Abstracts International 53. 6 (1992): 1900A. Crane, Stephen, and J. C. Levenson. Prose and Poetry. The Library of America ; 18. New York, N. Y. : Literary Classics of the U. S. and Viking Press, 1984. Cunliffe, Marcus. Stephen Crane and the American Background of Maggie. American Quarterly 7 (1955): 31-44. Dingledine, Don. It Could Have Been Any Street: Ann Petry, Stephen Crane, and the Fate of Naturalism. Studies in American Fiction 34. 1 (2006): 87-. Dooley, Patrick K. Stephen Cranes Distilled Style (and the Art of Fine Swearing). Stephen Crane Studies 15. 1 (2006): 28-31. Dooley, Patrick Kiaran. Stephen Crane : An Annotated Bibliography of Secondary Scholarship. New York: G. K. Hall, 1992. Dooley, Patrick Kiaran. The Pluralistic Philosophy of Stephen Crane. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993. Dow, William. Performative Passages: Daviss Life in the Iron Mills, Cranes Maggie, and Norriss Mcteague. Twisted from the Ordinary: Essays on American Literary Naturalism. Ed. Mary E. Papke. Tennessee Studies in Literature (Tstl) Number: 40: U of Tennessee P, Knoxville, TN Pagination: 23-44, 2003. xv, 416. Dowling, Robert M. Stephen Crane and the Transformation of the Bowery. Twisted from the Ordinary: Essays on American Literary Naturalism. Ed. Mary E. Papke. Tennessee Studies in Literature (Tstl) Number: 40: U of Tennessee P, Knoxville, TN Pagination: 45-62, 2003. xv, 416. Edelstein, Arthur. Three Great Novels by Stephen Crane: Maggie, Georges Mother, the Red Badge of Courage. New York : Fawcett, 1970. Fine, David M. Abraham Cahan, Stephen Crane and the Romantic Tenement Tale of the NinetiesAmerican Studies (University of Kansas). American Studies (University of Kansas) 14 (1973): 95-107. Fitelson, David. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets Portrays a Survival of the Fittest World. Readings on Stephen Crane. Ed. Bonnie Szumski. Greenhaven Press Literary Companion to American Authors: Greenhaven, San Diego, CA Pagination: 168-79, 1998. 208. . Stephen Cranes Maggie and Darwinism. American Quarterly 16 (1964): 182-94. Flanigan, Elaine. Maternal Deprivation and the Disruption of the Cult of Domesticity: Three Case Studies in Hawthorne, Crane, and Chopin. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences 61. 5 (2000): 1839-40. Ford, Philip H. Illusion and Reality in Cranes Maggie. Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory 25 (1969): 293-303. Fox, Austen McC. Crane Is Preoccupied with the Theme of Isolation. Readings on Stephen Crane. Ed. Bonnie Szumski. Greenhaven Press Literary Companion to American Authors: Greenhaven, San Diego, CA Pagination: 56-62, 1998. 208. Fox, Austin McC. Maggie and Other Stories. New York, NY : Washington Square, 1960. Fried, Michael. Realism, Writing, Disfiguration : On Thomas Eakins and Stephen Crane. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Fudge, Keith. Sisterhood Born from Seduction: Susanna Rowsons Charlotte Temple, and Stephen Cranes Maggie Johnson. Journal of American Culture 19. 1 (1996): 43-. Furst, Lilian R. Stephen Cranes Maggie and Papa Hamlet by Arno Holz and Johannes Schlaf. Actes Du Viie Congres De Lassociation Internationale De Litterature Comparee/Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association, I: Litteratures Americaines: Dependance, Independance, Interdependance/Literatures of America: Dependence, Independence, Interdependence. Eds. Milan V. Dimic, et al. Library of Crcl Number: 2: Bieber, Stuttgart Pagination: 165-68, 1979. 562. Gandal, Keith. Stephen Cranes Maggie and the Modern Soul. Elh 60. 3 (1993): 759-85. Gandal, Keith. The Virtues of the Vicious: Jacob Riis, Stephen Crane, and the Spectacle of the Slum. Oxford, England : Oxford UP, 1997. Geismar, Maxwell David. Rebels and Ancestors: The American Novel, 1890-1915: Frank Norris, Stephen Crane, Jack London, Ellen Glasgow [and] Theodore Dreiser. His The novel in America. Boston,: Houghton Mifflin, 1953. Gibson, Donald. The Fiction of Stephen Crane. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois U P, 1968. Gibson, William M. The Red Badge of Courage and Selected Poetry and Prose. New York, NY : Rinehart, 1956. Giorcelli, Cristina. La Citta Di Maggie. Rivista di Studi Anglo-Americani 6. 8 (1990): 57-70. Golemba, Henry. Distant Dinners in Cranes Maggie: Representing the Other Half. Essays in Literature 21. 2 (1994): 235-50. Graff, Aida Farrag. Metaphor and Metonymy: The Two Worlds of Cranes Maggie. English Studies in Canada 8. 4 (1982): 422-36. Graham, Don B. Dreisers Maggie. American Literary Realism, 1870-1910 7 (1974): 169-70. Grmela, Josef. Some Problems of the Critical Reception of Stephen Cranes Maggie, a Girl of the Streets. Brno Studies in English: Sbornik Praci Filozoficke Fakulty Brnenske Univerzity, S: Rada Anglisticka/Series Anglica 19 (1991): 149-55. Gullason, Thomas A. The First Known Review of Stephen Cranes 1893 Maggie. English Language Notes 5 (1968): 300-02. Gullason, Thomas Arthur. New Light on the Crane-Howells Relationship. New England Quarterly: A Historical Review of New England Life and Letters 30. 3 (1957): 389-92. Gullason, Thomas A. The Prophetic City in Stephen Cranes 1893 Maggie. Modern Fiction Studies 24 (1978): 129-37. Gullason, Thomas Arthur. The Sources of Stephen Cranes Maggie. Philological Quarterly 38 (1959): 497-502. Hakutani, Yoshinobu. Jennie, Maggie, and the City. Dreisers Jennie Gerhardt: New Essays on the Restored Text. Ed. James L. W. West, III: U of Pennsylvania P, Philadelphia Pagination: 147-56, 1995. ix, 226. Halliburton, David. The Color of the Sky : A Study of Stephen Crane. Cambridge studies in American literature and culture. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire] ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Hapke, Laura. The Alternate Fallen Woman in Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. Markham Review 12 (1983): 41-43. Harriman, Karl. A Romantic IdealistMr. Stephen Crane. Literary Review 4 (1900): 85-87. Hayes, Kevin J. ed. and introd.. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (a Story of New York). Bedford Cultural Editions. Boston, MA: Bedford, 1999. Hillsman, David Frank. Cranes Maggie and Huysmans Marthe: Two Naturalist Prostitute Novels. Dissertation Abstracts International 48. 3 (1987): 644A. Holton, Milne. The Sparrows Fall and the Sparrows Eye: Cranes Maggie. Studia Neophilologica 41 (1969): 115-29. Holton, Milne. Cylinder of Vision: The Fiction and Journalistic Writing of StephenCrane. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972. Horwitz, Howard. Maggie and the Sociological Paradigm. American Literary History 10. 4 (1998): 606-38. Hunter, Adrian. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. Peterborough, ON : Broadview, 2006. Hussman, Lawrence E. , Jr. The Fate of the Fallen Woman in Maggie and Sister Carrie. The Image of the Prostitute in Modern Literature. Eds. Pierre L. Horn and Mary Beth Pringle: Ungar, New York Pagination: 91-100, 1984. 147. Ives, C. B. Symmetrical Design in Four of Stephen Cranes Stories. Ball State University Forum 10. 1 (1969): 17-26. Jordan, Philip D. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (a Story of New York). Lexington : U. P. of Ky, 1970. Kahn, Sholom J. Stephen Crane and Whitman: A Possible Source for Maggie. Walt Whitman Review 7 (1961): 71-77. Karlen, Arno. Stylistic Weakness in Maggie. Readings on Stephen Crane. Ed. Bonnie Szumski. Greenhaven Press Literary Companion to American Authors: Greenhaven, San Diego, CA Pagination: 180-84, 1998. 208. Katz, Joseph. The Maggie Nobody Knows. Modern Fiction Studies 12 (1966): 200-12. . Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893): A Census (Part Iii). Stephen Crane Newsletter 3. 3 (1969): 10-11. . Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893): A Census, Ii. Stephen Crane Newsletter 3. 1 (1968): 6. Katz, Joseph, and Matthew J. Bruccoli. A Third Printing of Maggie (1896). Stephen Crane Newsletter 1 (1966): 2-3. Katz, Joseph introd. Maggie, a Girl of the Streets: A Story of New York. Gainesville, FL : SFR, 1966. Knapp, Daniel. Son of Thunder: Stephen Crane and the Fourth Evangelist. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 24 (1969): 259-66. Kovacs, David. Acting Out: Comparative Analyses of Romantic Realism in Stephen Crane and Knut Hamsun. Nordlit: Arbeidstidsskrift i litteratur 9 (2001): 63-78. Kramer, Maurice. Cranes Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. Explicator 22 (1964): Item 49. Krause, Sydney J. The Surrealism of Cranes Naturalism in Maggie. American Literary Realism 16. 2 (1983): 253-261. La France, Marston. A Reading of Stephen Crane. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971 LaFrance, Marston. Georges Mother and the Other Half of Maggie. Stephen Crane in Transition:Centenary Essays. Eds. Joseph Katz and James Dickey: No. Ill. U. P, DeKalb Pagination: 35-53, 1972. 247. Lainoff, Seymour. Jimmie in Cranes Maggie. Iowa English Bulletin 10 (1965): 53-54. Lawson, Andrew. Class Mimicry in Stephen Cranes City. American Literary History 16. 4 (2004): 596-. Levenson, J. C. Prose and Poetry: Maggie: A Girl of the Streets; the Red Badge of Courage; Stories, Sketches, and Journalism; Poetry. 18: New York, NY : Library of America, 1984. Lainoff, Seymour. Jimmie in Cranes Maggie. Iowa English Yearbook 10 (1965): 53-54. Linson, Corwin Knapp, and Edwin Harrison Cady. My Stephen Crane. [Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1958. Manthorne, Katherine E. War in the City: Stephen Crane and the Visual Culture of New York. Red Badges of Courage: Wars and Conflicts in American Culture. Eds. Biancamarie Pisapia, Ugo Rubeo and Anna Scacchi. Rsa: Rivista Di Studi Anglo-Americani Number: 9 (11): Bulzoni, Rome, Italy Pagination: 769-76, 1998. xvii, 789. Marin Madrazo, Pilar. Notas Sobre El Naturalismo. Letras En El Espejo: Ensayos De Literatura Americana Comparada. Eds. Maria Jose Alvarez Maurin, Manuel Broncano and Jose Luis Chamosa: Universidad de Leon, Leon, Spain Pagination: 145-54, 1997. 213. Martin, Jay. Harvests of Change: American Literature, 1865-1914. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. ,: Prentice-Hall, 1967. Masuzaki, Kou. Stephen Crane No Suramu Hyosho to Kangoku: Imin Kyofu to 19 Seikimatsu Hanzaisharon. Studies in American Literature (Osaka, Japan) 41 (2004): 19-35. Mavrocordato, Alexandre. Maggie, Allegorie Du Coeur. Etudes Anglaises: Grande-Bretagne, Etats-Unis 31 (1978): 38-51 McIlvaine, Robert. Cranes Maggie: A Source for the Hairy Ape? The Eugene ONeill Newsletter 2. 3 (1979): 8-10. Minks, Tamara S. Maggie Johnson: An American in a Fallen Eden. Recovering Literature: A Journal of Contextualist Criticism 16 (1988): 23-35. Miyazaki, Naoko. Jinsei No Bokanskatachi: Maggie Ni Okeru Ningenzo. Bungaku to America: Ohashi Kenzaburo Kyoju Kanreki Kinen Ronbunshu. Ed. pp: Nanundo, Tokyo Pagination: I: 115-127, 1980. Monteiro, George. Amy Leslie on Stephen Cranes Maggie. Journal of Modern Literature 9. 1 (1981): 147-. . Paul Lemperlys Maggie (1893) and a New Stephen Crane Letter. Stephen Crane Newsletter 3. 3 (1969): 7-9. Nagel, James. Stephen Crane and Literary Impressionism. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1980. Nagel, James. Donald Pizer, American Naturalism, and Stephen Crane. Studies in American Naturalism 1. 1-2 (2006): 30-35. . Limitations of Perspective in the Fiction of Stephen Crane. Stephen Crane Studies 15. 1 (2006): 9-12. Novotny, George T. Cranes Maggie, a Girl of the Streets. Explicator 50. 4 (1992): 225-28. Oelschlaeger, Fritz. Stephen Crane, Ripley Hitchcock, and Maggie: A Reconsideration. Journal of English and Germanic Philology 97. 1 (1998): 34-50. Oliver, Lawrence J. Brander Matthews Re-Visioning of Cranes Maggie. American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography 60. 4 (1988): 654-58. Oliviero, Toni H. People as They Seem to Me: Determinism and Morality as Literary Devices in Three Novels of Stephen Crane. Seminaires 1976. Eds. Jean Beranger, Jean Cazemajou and Jean-Claude Barat. Annales Du Centre De Recherches Sur Lamer. Anglophone Number: 2: Centre de Recherches sur lAmer. Anglophone, Univ. de Bordeaux III, Talence Pagination: 167-181, 1977. 201. Orgeron, Marsha. The Road to Nowhere: Stephen Cranes Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (a Story of New York) (1893). Women in Literature: Reading through the Lens of Gender. Eds. Jerilyn Fisher, Ellen S. Silber and David Sadker: Greenwood, Westport, CT Pagination: 185-87, 2003. xxxix, 358. Overmyer, Janet. The Structure of Cranes Maggie. University of Kansas City Review 29 (1962): 71-72. Parker, Hershel, and Brian Higgins. Maggies Last Night: Authorial Design and Editorial Patching. Studies in the Novel 10. 1 (1978): 64-75. Petry, Alice Hall. Gin Lane in the Bowery: Cranes Maggie and William Hogarth. American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography 56. 3 (1984): 417-26. Petry, Alice Hall. Stephen Cranes Elephant Man. Journal of Modern Literature 10. 2 (1983): 346-352. Pisarz-Ramirez, Gabriele. Avancierte Erzahlformen Im Licht Von Ubersetzungsstrategien: Zwei Romane Stephen Cranes Und Funf Deutsche Ubersetzungen. Erlebte Rede Und Impressionistischer Stil: Europaische Erzahlprosa Im Vergleich Mit Ihren Deutschen Ubersetzungen. Ed. Dorothea Kullmann: Wallstein, Gottingen Pagination: 437-90, 1995. 528. Pizer, Donald. Stephen Crane. Fifteen American Authors Before 1900, Revised Edition. Eds. Earl N. Harbert and Robert A. Rees. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1984. 128-184. Pizer, Donald. Maggie and the Naturalistic Aesthetic of Length. American Literary Realism 28. 1 (1995): 58-65. . Stephen Cranes Maggie and American Naturalism. Criticism: A Quarterly for Literature and the Arts 7 (1965): 168-75. Poncet, Andre. Functional Jeffersonianism in the Naturalistic Novel. All Men Are Created Equal: Ideologies, Reves Et Realites. Ed. Jean-Pierre Martin: Pubs. Univ. de Provence, Aix-en-Provence Pagination: 137-146, 1983. 189. Robertson, Michael. Stephen Crane, Journalism, and the Making of Modern American Literature. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. Salemi, Joseph S. Down a Steep Place into the Sea: Suicide in Stephen Cranes Maggie. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews 1. 2 (1988): 58-61. Saunders, Judith P. Whartons Borrowing from Cranes Maggie in the Age of Innocence. Edith Wharton Review 19. 1 (2003): 1. Schaefer, Michael W. A Readers Guide to the Short Stories of Stephen Crane. A reference publication in literature. New York: G. K. Hall ; Prentice Hall International, 1996. Schilders, Ed. Maggie, Carrie en Vandover. Maatstaf 28. 4 (1980): 104-112. Seltzer, Mark. Statistical Persons. Diacritics: A Review of Contemporary Criticism 17. 3 (1987): 82-98. Simoneaux, Katherine G. Color Imagery in Cranes Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. College Language Association Journal 18 (1974): 91-100. Slotkin, Alan R. Bungstarter, Mightish Well, and Cultural Confusion. American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage 54. 1 (1979): 69-71. . You as a Multileveled Dictional Device in Stephen Cranes Representation of Bowery Dialect in Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. South Central Review 7. 2 (1990): 40-53. Slotkin, Alan Robert. The Language of Stephen Cranes Bowery tales : Developing Mastery of Character Diction. New York: Garland Pub. , 1993. Solomon, Eric. Stephen Crane, from Parody to Realism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966. Stallman, R. W. Cranes Maggie: A Reassessment. Modern Fiction Studies 5 (1959): 251-59. Stallman, Robert W. Stephen Cranes Primrose Path. New Republic 133 (1955): 17-18. Stallman, R. W. Stephen Cranes Revision of Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. American Literature 26 (1955): 528-36. Stallman, R. W. Stephen Crane; A Critical Bibliography. [1st ] ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1972. Stein, William Bysshe. Cranes Use of Biblical Parables in Maggie. Readings on Stephen Crane. Ed. Bonnie Szumski. Greenhaven Press Literary Companion to American Authors: Greenhaven, San Diego, CA Pagination: 185-90, 1998. 208. . New Testament Inversions in Cranes Maggie. Modern Language Notes 73. 4 (1958): 268-72. Sweeney, Gerard M. The Syphilitic World of Stephen Cranes Maggie. American Literary Realism 24. 1 (1991): 79-85. Thal, Herbert van ed, and William introd Sansom. Maggie, a Girl of the Streets. London : Cassell, 1966. Walcutt, Charles Child. American Literary Naturalism, A Divided Stream. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1956. Waldron, Karen E. No Separations in the City: The Public-Private Novel and Private-Public Authorship. Separate Spheres No More: Gender Convergence in American Literature, 1830-1930. Ed. Monika M. Elbert. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2000. 92-113.. Weatherford, Richard M. Stephen Crane : The Critical Heritage. The Critical heritage series. London ; New York: Routledge, 1977. Wert, Justin R. At-Risk Student Responses to Cranes Maggie. Stephen Crane Studies 11. 1 (2002): 7-12. Wertheim, Stanley. The Merrill Studies in Maggie and Georges Mother. Columbus, Ohio : Charles E. Merrill, 1970. Wertheim, Stanley, and Paul Sorrentino. The Crane Log : A Documentary Life of Stephen Crane, 1871-1900. American authors log series. New York: G. K. Hall, 1994. Wertheim, Stanley, and Joseph Katz. (Stephen Crane. ). Stephen Crane Newsletter 2. 2 (1967). Westbrook, Max. Stephen Cranes Social Ethic. American Quarterly 14 (1962): 587-96. Yamamoto, Kazuo. Machi No Onna Magi Ni Okeru Aironi No Kozo. Kumamoto Daigaku Eigo Eibungaku/Kumamoto Studies in English Language and Literature 46 (2003): 47-62. About this site. Last Modified Thu, 17 Jan 2008 01:01:10 GMT

Yemen Conflict and the Role of the IGOs and the NGOs in the Yemen Confl

Introduction The conflict that took place in Yemen in 2012 was one of the most rigorous revolutions that took place in the Middle East during the Arab spring revolt. The conflict in Yemen started as a protest against social and economic conditions such as unemployment, corruption, and the proposal by the government to modify the constitution. As the protests proceeded, people of Yemen added more grievances and called for the resignation of President Ali Abdullah Saleh. During this conflict, the government and military officials resigned from president Saleh’s government rendering the government powerless in dealing with the protestors. In January 2012, a major protest that involved sixteen thousand nationals took place in Yemen, this pressured president Saleh making him to announce that he would not run for reelection. However, the protestors could not hear any of this and they intensified their protests. The government’s relevant authorities opened fire on protestors, and many peo ple lost their lives with fifty-two protestors being shot dead in March (Amnesty International 10). Yemen Conflict and the Role of the IGOs and the NGOs in the Yemen Conflict The first IGO to be involved in the Yemen conflict was Gulf Co-operation Council, which tried to enter into a deal to end the conflict with president Saleh. However, president Saleh walked out of the agreement some hours before it was signed, and he did this three times. When president Saleh walked out of the deal for the third time, the Gulf Co-operation became frustrated and announced that it was withdrawing its mediation efforts in the Yemen conflict. President Saleh not only withdrew from the broken deal, but also refused to sign a transi... ...esses (Clark 128). Works Cited Amnesty International. Yemen: Human Rights Concerns Following Recent Armed Conflict. New York, NY: Amnesty International, 2011. Print. Caton, Steven C. Yemen Chronicle: An Anthropology of War and Mediation. New York, NY: Hill and Wang, 2012.Print. Clark, Janine A. Islam, Charity, and Activism: Middle-Class Networks and Social Welfare in Egypt, Jordan, and Yemen. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004. Print. Little, Tom. South Arabia: Arena of Conflict. London: Pall Mall P., 2011. Print. Nefissa, Sarah Ben. NGOs and Governance in the Arab World. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2012. Print. Terrill, Andrew W., and Army War College (U.S.) Strategic Studies Institute. The Conflicts In Yemen And U.S. National Security. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2011. Print.

Plastic Pollution and Measures to Control

Pollution caused by plastic CONTENTS 1. Aim 2. Introduction 3. What is plastic? 4. Environmental hazards caused by plastic 5. Measures to control pollution 6. Industries that produce plastic in India 7. Importance Of Plastic Industry Toward Economic Growth 8. Ban On Plastics In India 9. Cost Benefit Analysis 10. Conclusion 11. References Page 3 Pollution caused by plastic AIM To make a comparative study of plastics and its effect on the environment. To analyze and understand the importance of introducing effective measures to control pollution.INTRODUCTION Plastics have become a necessary commodity in today’s world. Everyone knowingly or unknowingly uses plastic substances. Karki (2008) discusses that plastic is used not only for making plastic bags but also for producing products that cover parts of vehicles that need to be protected. Karki (2008) reveals that plastics are synthetic substances that are the outcome of chemical reactions. It is a non-biodegradable substance tha t takes more than 100 years to decompose. It poses a threat to humans and animals.Once plastic materials are disposed off into the environment they end up in our waters ways, beaches and larger water bodies, thus harming our aquatic life. If plastic materials is burnt it releases toxic fumes into the atmosphere causing air pollution. Over the years plastic has become a substitute for packaging materials such as paper bags or cloth bags primarily due to its low cost as well as the ease involved in the manufacturing process, weight and availability (Karki, 2008). PLASTIC Plastic are synthetic substance made from chemical reaction. Plastics are made from petroleum.Plastic are polymers that consist of monomers linked by chemical bonds. These monomers are petrochemical substances that are not biodegradable. Page 4 Pollution caused by plastic ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS CAUSED BY PLASTIC Although there are various sources that lead to different types of pollution we are concentrating mainly on plastic materials as a pollutant. Based on the above information we know that plastic is a hazardous commodity that leads to land, water and air pollution. Although briefly explained above lets now go in-depth and understand how plastic affects land, water as well as air pollution. LAND POLLUTIONPlastic substances are used by many around the world and in a developing country with a huge population like India, the use of such materials is bound to be more. Since a lot of people use plastics for their day to day activities, the disposal of plastic products will also be high and to be honest a lot of us throw plastic bags or containers on the road. This leads to land pollution. So what is land pollution? Encyclopedia Britanica (Land Pollution, 2010) describes land pollution as the addition of unwanted materials that pose a threat to the organisms, decrease the soils fertility and have an adverse effect on the health of human being.Animals die due to plastic substances by simply consumi ng them, the plastic gets clogged in their bodies and ultimately results in the death of these few animals. Further on, the collection of these materials gives an â€Å"untidy and dirty look† to the area. These materials find their way to our water systems and larger water bodies leading to water pollution. WATER POLLUTION Encyclopedia Britannica (Water Pollution, 2010). Most of the water pollution resulting from plastic is generated from land. 60% to 80% of water pollution is from plastic litter . Once in the water these materials pose a serious threat to our aquatic life.Fish, sea turtles and other aquatic inhabitants can get entangled in plastic materials and can inflict serious pain, injury and even death. Marine organisms that have been killed by plastic substances decompose fast, but the plastic that kills them takes a long time to decompose, thus increasing the risk of other marine life consuming the same material, resulting in its death Encyclopedia Britanica (Water P ollution, Page 5 Pollution caused by plastic 2010). In a real case scenario a whale in Europe was found dead and its autopsy results show that its stomach was filled with plastic materials. AIR POLLUTIONAccording to the World Health Organisation about two million people die every year due to air pollution, many suffer from heart diseases, lung deceases and some even cancer. There are various sources of air pollution like carbon dioxide, combustion of fuels in vehicles, fuels from jets, toxic elements from factories etc. Plastics also contribute to air pollution. Plastics that are found on the road or even dumping sites are burnt therefore releasing toxic fumes into the atmosphere, polluting the air. When individuals are exposed to the polluted atmosphere they contact various diseases that could ultimately lead to their death.MEASURES TO CONTROL POLLUTION Hanh (1992) Plastic is a bane to our existence on this earth. It pollutes the atmosphere with its harmful fumes, poses a serious t hreat to our marine life and apart from this it also creates litter, making the place look dirty. With the above evidence we can boldly say that Hanh’s literature is true. There are various measures that can be undertaken to reduce plastic pollution but we would be focusing only on three criteria namely: 1. Recycling of Plastic 2. Government policies 3. Personal measures. RECYCLING OF PLASTICSNair (2010) reveals that around 10,000 types of plastics are used in the manufacture of various products such as pet bottles, toys and even clothes. This in turn result in these materials being dumped around at public places and become waste which as we all know has a negative impact on the environment and all its contents because of its non-degradable substances . Hence, recycling of plastic materials was introduced. So what is plastic recycling? The act of producing new products from waste plastic materials is plastic recycling. (Nair, 2010). Let’s now look into Page 6 Pollution caused by plastic the benefits of recycling plastic.Petroleum is used in the manufacturing of plastic. Hence, if plastic is recycled, consumption of petroleum – a resource which is slowly depleting, will also be decreased (Nair, 2010). Since petroleum is a key ingredient in the manufacture of plastic, when burnt greenhouse gasses are released into the atmosphere. Hence, if plastic is recycled it will lead to a decrease in the level of greenhouse gasses emitted into the atmosphere. Nair (2010) gives us another beneficial factor in the recycling of plastic is there will be a decrease in animals, birds and aquatic life dying due to plastic not being digested.Further on if plastic is recycled landfill space can be saved. Recycling one ton of plastic saves energy that is used by two humans in twelve months and also water that a single individual consumes in two months and saves two hundred pounds of petroleum (Nair, 2010). Having now understood the importance of recycling plastic let’s try to make this world a better place by implementing this concept at home. GOVERNMENT POLICIES Many countries have banned the use of plastic. In India many states have done the same depending on their height and thickness namely Goa, Maharashtra, Delhi, Punjab, Rajasthan and some others.For example Goa has increased the minimum thickness of plastic carry bags to 40 microns. Public awareness programs have been conducted to educate individuals on effective ways of disposing of plastic materials. On 29th January 2010, the supreme court denied a plea to lift the ban on the use of plastic bags by the All India Plastic Manufacturers Association. This shows the seriousness of the government in making the environment a â€Å"greener† place not only for us but also for the generations to come. But do these bans really work?For example three years ago West Bengal banned the use of plastic bags which were less than 40 microns thick, but this rule was clearly violated in m arkets, streets and other public places as plastic bags were being used. To tackle this nuisance they reconstructed their plastic management committee last month. Assam faced similar problems as not much was done to ensure that plastic bags were not used. Now the Government is going to take various steps to ensure that plastic bags are not used at all. These steps include monitoring shop keepers and business men who have not been abidingPage 7 Pollution caused by plastic by the law. They would also impose a penalty which could be a fine not only on the retailer but also on the customer. In Delhi a huge amount of plastic bags were seized from shop keepers and have initiated a â€Å"say no to Plastic Bags† campaign. To prove their seriousness towards the ban they penalized Bata footwear with a fine of one lakh rupees. Rajasthan is the newest state to join the clan after banning the use of plastic bags on August 1st, 2010. They also revealed that offender would be fined one lakh and/ or five years in jail.PERSONAL MEASURES Individuals should also contribute towards the elimination of plastic as it us and other living organisms around us who ultimately suffer. Hanh (1992) We can start by refusing to take plastic bags from grocers, because if this is done then plastic manufacturers would reduce the amount of plastic bags they produce. In today’s world many people do not have time to cook meals so they resort to ordering their meals from restaurants, who pack their food in plastic containers, these restaurants should start using sustainable containers, similarly with beverages.People who use items like Tupper ware products should substitute it with a degradable substance. Public can also educate retailers about the dangers about plastic and encourage them to change their practices (Hanh, 1992). And finally we can start by eliminating the use of plastic in our own house, work place, school/college etc. INDUSTRIES THAT PRODUCE PLASTICS IN INDIA India is one of the countries that consume more plastics in the world. India ranks third in consumption of plastic. Growth of plastic industry is more than 14%. Petrochemical department in India is in process to setup development council for plastic manufacturing industries. 00% foreign direct investment is allowed in plastic processing and manufacturing industry. Industries like Finolex industries ltd, Plastiblends India ltd, AGA group international, Corporate resource group, ACRY plus (Matias, 2010) etc†¦ are some of the industries that produce plastics products in India. There are many international companies that manufacture plastics in India they are GE plastic, LG polymers, Bayer ABS, Compounding, Clariant etc†¦ These industries produce polymers, PVC pipes, plastic sheets, polycarbonate sheets. Page 8 Pollution caused by plastic IMPORTANCE GROWTHAs India is a developing country it’s difficult for government to ban plastic usage with immediate effect. Plastic industry c ontributes more towards the growth of the economy so it’s important for the government to take effective decision that doesn’t affect the economy. Plastic industry has strong correlation with growth of the economy. Plastics have multiple advantages in its usage. It can be used in various range of applications. It has more favorable cost-benefit ratio. Continuous improvement in the technology of producing plastics has made the users addict to it. OF PLASTIC INDUSTRY TOWARD ECONOMIC BAN ON PLASTICS IN INDIAEven though the plastic manufacturing industry grow at more than 14 percentage state government have banned plastic that has below 20 microns. The Supreme Court has ordered ban on plastic in New Delhi, West Bengal pollution control board has banned manufacture, sale and use of plastic bags, Jammu Kashmir has also banned polythene carry bags, Himachal Pradesh government have banned plastic bags. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS In cost-benefit analysis, money is used to measure pr ivate, external and social cost. Private costs are the cost that the firm earns as profit, many large scale and small scale industries are involved in manufacturing of plastics.Plastics industry have growth rate of more than 14 percentage. This shows how much growth potential plastic industry has in India. External costs here are costs that are lost by the firms, farmers because of plastic pollution. The social cost that is equal to the private and external costs. The total cost to clean the river Ganga basin only contributes to 15000 crores. There are different types of costs-benefit analysis like Economic cost benefit analysis, expenditure cost analysis, cost-efficient analysis. Cost-benefit analysis can provide information about to use or not to use the resources.Page 9 Pollution caused by plastic CONCLUSION The study reveals about the growth that plastic industries have and pollution caused by the industries. Government must take effective measure that to recycle plastics and ma ke sure it doesn’t affect the environment. Plastic industries in India are providing many job opportunities, but it also affect the environment, recycling plastic has to be done. Industries or organization must take effective measure to recycle plastics and make sure that it doesn’t affect the environment.New technologies must be invented as an alternative use for plastic as petroleum is used in manufacturing plastic. Page 10 Pollution caused by plasticREFERENCES Karki, K. (2008). Plastic as a Source of Environmental Pollution What is The Sollution? http://www. articlesbase. com/plastic-surgeries-articles/plastic-as-a-source-of-environmental-pollution-whatis-the-solution-610752. html Plastic Pollution. (2010). Encyclopedia Britannica. Hanh, T. Peace Is Every Step (1992, p. 108) Nair, S. (2010). Benefits of Recycling Plastic.

Human life-span Essay

The answer in my own broad based opinion based on what I have read, is that the term, â€Å"Learning† is a cognitive process of acquiring new concepts and skills, in order to complete a task which in-turn increase’s knowledge and understanding of the subject area to be learnt. In addition, individuals will be able to build on past experiences to identify how a situation could be improved, and then with this knowledge make actual improvements. Furthermore, learning is influenced from the environment in which we find ourselves, which reflects greatly in our behaviour. Moreover, it is continuum throughout the human life-span. In comparison the term, â€Å"Development† refers to the biological process by which a human organism grows and functions through its life-span. Development can be monitored by physical growth, and a marked change in performance which is usually associated with progression of increasing knowledge and skills. Development happens gradually over a period of time, allowing achievements to be built upon and improved, which is similar to the learning process. Development seems to be sequential with age, and I believe what happens in the early stages of development can have a significant affect in the later stages of development. Furthermore, development can be influenced by our own personal experiences within the environment. It is important to understand that there is a clear difference between learning and development. Learning occurs within specific situations and development is linked to functionality and physical growth, however, they are closely related, but have separate meanings. Educational pioneer, Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) urged early year’s educators to respect the sanctity of children learning and developing new skills through this statement: â€Å"We grant space and time to young plants and animals because we know that, in accordance with the laws that live in them, they will develop properly and grow well. Young animals and plants are given rest and arbitrary interference with their growth is avoided, because it is known that the opposite practice would disturb their pure unfolding and sound development; but the young human being is looked upon as a piece of wax or a lump of clay which man can mould into what he pleases,† (www. Geocities. com). The origins of learning theory are in an area of philosophy called â€Å"Epistemology,† a field concerned with how we acquire knowledge. Two philosophical traditions emerged from the writings of the ancient Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle. These traditions are nativism, (Plato) and empiricism, (Aristotle). In the early seventeenth century before the beginnings of modern Psychology, there was a philosophical debate between the empiricists and the nativists, known more commonly today as the nature-nurture debate. The nature-nurture debate is another example of determinism. The debate is concerned with what causes something to develop. On one side, nativists see development as arising from innate factors – from inherited characteristics. On the other side, empiricists see development occurring because of experience and learning. British philosopher John Locke, (1632-1704) the founder of empiricism, advanced the hypothesis that children learn primarily from external forces, he implied: â€Å"Without nurture, we are nothing† (Haralambos & Rice 2002, p. 761). Empiricists believed that the human infant is born with no skills or knowledge; they refer to the infant as a, â€Å"Tabula rasa,† or â€Å"Blank slate. † The rationale behind this idea is that the knowledge and skills will be, â€Å"Written on† the child by the knowledgeable hand of experience, and influenced by environmental factors. Furthermore, the infant will learn through instruction from others, in addition too their own direct experiences, which in-turn will determine their achievements. Nativists (such as Jean- Jacques Rousseau 1712- 1778) in contrast, argue that we are born with innate intelligence, in addition to genetic inheritance which determines intellectual achievement and, to some extent, personality. William Mcdougal, (Nativist- 1908) states: â€Å"The human mind has certain innate or inherited tendencies which are the essential springs or motive powers of all thought and action, whether individual or collective, and are the bases from which the character and will of individuals and of nations are gradually developed,† (Haralambos & Rice 2002, p.761). A modern form of the, (Nurture debate) relating to learning theory was proposed by B. F Skinner (1904-1990) in the form of behaviourism. The Behaviourists believed that human behaviour is learned. Behaviourism is primarily concerned with observable and measurable aspects of human behaviour, in relation to what we can see, how people react, in addition to how people behave. Behaviour theorists define learning as nothing more than an acquisition of new behaviour. Skinner’s theory is based on the idea that learning occurs through a process of reinforcement. He believes changes in behaviour are the result of an individual’s response to events, (stimuli) that occur in the environment. A response produces a consequence, for e. g. when children utter sounds and words which are to become their native language, and are greeted with a positive response. This positive response is the reinforcement which encourages the child to repeat the sound of the word, which in turn reinforces learning. Furthermore, behaviourists support the, Transmission Model of learning (Nurture) as the model uses the hand of experience, the knowledgeable adult to nurture the child through the learning process, enabling them to control what learning takes place. The Social Learning theory developed from behaviorism. Albert Bandura emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Bandura, (1977) states: â€Å"Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. â€Å"

What You Need to Know about an Advanced Higher English Dissertation

What You Need to Know about an Advanced Higher English Dissertation What You Need to Know about an Advanced Higher English Dissertation If you want to show off a bit in front of your professors while you are writing an Advanced Higher English dissertation, it is important to follow the right steps. Remember that the Advanced Higher English is a course for learners who want to improve their understanding and their ability to use more sophisticated language by taking part in higher level writing skills training. Such a course provides personalized academic assistance, challenging students to improve their reading and writing, as well as comparative insights. If you want to know how to write your Advanced Higher English dissertation, you need to understand some core facts: It Is a New Experience for You Up until this point, work as a graduate student is often an extension of an earlier life in school. Most people are good at school which is why they continue onward with more of it. They enjoy self-confidence and success that accompanies school. Many students enjoy the labs, reading, papers, and tests, and find that with a bit of studying similar to what they did in undergrad, they can pass. But the one thing that is vastly different from all other work you may have completed as an undergrad is this final project. This is something new, this is something unlike anything you have experienced in the past and it is something that helps to mark the transition you are making from the role of â€Å"student† to the role of â€Å"scholar†. It is a Very Independent Task This kind of writing is much the same as writing a book; you do most of it on your own, and you are self-directed. This is something that often takes students by surprise. Even those who are not accustomed to being held by the hand and certainly don’t expect it are still a bit shocked by how much they are on their own, working completely independently of everyone else around them. Even if you know someone working on this same final project, your work is completely different which can leave you with feelings of isolation or intimidation. It Brings a Great Deal of Stress This project is one which can change your life dramatically once you are done and that can bring with it a great deal of stress, especially stress about the future. But there are things you can do: Consider doing some soul searching to ask yourself if this is absolutely something you want to commit yourself to. Remember that not pursuing this is not shameful. Keep in mind that the skills built during this process can be used throughout your career. Your final document may be something you use in your early career moves. You need to manage your topic well. Communicate with your advisor as much as you can. You need to manage your committee. Overall, when you set out to write, make sure that you follow these steps in order to ensure your professors are impressed. Your Advanced Higher English dissertation can be completed with ease and completed well. Also, you can enjoy professional dissertation help provided by our online academic writing service .

An Analytical Essay Of The Tragedy Of Hamlet, Prince Of Denmark William Shakespeare

Originally titled The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke, this tragedy has been reproduced more times than any other play written by William Shakespeare (en.wikipedia.org 1 of 9). Prince Hamlet also has the lengthiest appearance of any character in all of Shakespeare's plays (en.wikpedia.org 6 of 9). In the play, Prince Hamlet is caught between balancing his need to avenge his father's death, dealing with the disgust he felt for Gertrude and Claudius' love affair, and maintaining the relationship he has with Ophelia without exposing his plans to kill his uncle Claudius for the murder of King Hamlet. During the first act, Prince Hamlet meets the ghost of his father, King Hamlet. His father's ghost tells Hamlet that Claudius poured poison in his ear while he slept. The spirit also explains that he wishes for Hamlet to avenge his death, but not to punish Queen Gertrude for marrying Claudius. He tells Hamlet that she will have to answer to her conscience, and eventually God for her incestuous actions (absoluteshakespeare.com 1 of 4). It was believed during these times that when a person died, especially in such a tragic fashion, that their spirit lingered about while suffering in Purgatory. This could cause a normally virtuous person's spirit to become filled with malevolence and begin to meddle in living men's affairs (en.wikipedia.org 4 of 9). This belief caused Prince Hamlet to want to investigate his father's spirit's claims to ensure that they were indeed true. In order to do this, Prince Hamlet feigns madness in order to remain hidden from members of the court's suspicions whi le he plots his revenge on King Claudius (www.sparknotes.com 1 of 3). He also takes advantage of a group of actors who come to Elsinore Castle to perform by rewriting a play to recreate the scene of his father's murder. He does this with the hope of flushing a confession out of Claudius' guilty conscience. When Claudius sees the play, he stands up and leaves the room (en.wikipedia.org 5 of 9). After many more events, Claudius' guilt becomes more obvious. Claudius then begins to change his focus towards killing Hamlet, as he is beginning to become aware of the Prince's plans to kill him. Claudius then arranges a fencing match between Hamlet and Polonius' son Laertes and has Laertes poison the blade of one of his swords to be used in the match (Hamlet).